IJRE – Vol. 2, Issue 2, February 2013

In response to the challenges we face in the digital age, schools are starting to do education differently. Why restrict lesson times to an hour when half-day sessions allow pupils to delve really deeply into subject material? Many young people have smart phones, so why not allow them to be used as learning aids? Adults learn in the real world, why not let pupils? And, fundamentally, the best teachers are people who love learning, and the best way to make sure that you understand what you are learning is to teach.

The schools that are taking this seriously are still in the minority. But across the world there is a growing global movement towards achieving the vision of 21st century education. {end-tooltip}

1. The Scientific Method
2. Contexts for Gathering Data about Children
3. Correlation and Causation
4. Designs for Examining Development
5. Ethical Issues in Child-Development Research

There is an important role of the researcher to collecting the data in the researches of psychology. So the researcher must do their important role for the collection of data in this type of study. Here the author discusses about some data collection methods in Child-Development. {end-tooltip}

In its most sophisticated variants, modernization theory explains modernization by reference to the onset of the process that Talcott Parsons refers to as structural differentiation. This is a process which may be triggered in many different ways, but which is most likely to be initiated by changes in either technology or values (as in Parson’s ‘pattern variable’ schema). As a result of this process, institutions multiply, the simple structures of traditional societies are transformed into the complex ones of modern societies, and values come to bear a striking resemblance to those current in the United States of the 1960s.

A good example of the genre is the work of the American comparative sociologist Alex Inkeles, best known for his many studies of the attitudinal aspects of modernization, mostly using survey data and psychological tests to explore ‘the process whereby people move from being traditional to become modern personalities’. Here the author presented the part of Modernization and Modernization theory.{end-tooltip}

The system of education in India should be learning-centric rather than exam-centric. Children must be allowed to choose subjects according to their interests. Instead of gaining knowledge from voluminous books and lectures, children must be made to interact in groups and express their views on various topics. Rather than taking notes from the teacher and textbooks, children must be made to research information on their own from library books and the Internet and share them in the class. This will help them develop good reading habits, self-confidence and openness to criticism. It will also help them in developing critical reading and analytical skills. Children will be able to remember what they learn when they apply it practically. They must be taken on field trips to museums, labs, planetariums, excavation sites, botanical gardens, etc. where they can learn by interacting with knowledgeable and experienced people in varied fields. It will also help them improve their communication skills. In this article the author of this article wants to focus on the basic education system of education in our country.

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Once the Supreme Court strikes down the Lokpal bill as it undoubtedly will, the stage will be set for a “popular” movement against the judiciary. Political workers will be brought into Delhi from neighboring states. There will be public “pressure” on the government to bring under its “control” the recalcitrant “anti-minority”’ “anti-reservation court.

The parliament has recently passed the new Lokpal bill but according to social activist Shri Anna Hazare there is lot of lacunas in new bill. According to him there is major conflict between Sarkari Lokpal and Jan Lokpal Bill. To maintain the tranceperancy in whole system of government in which Administration, Judiciary including CBI and other all bodies of government should come under the Lokpal bill so there is a need to pass the present time Janlokpal Bill through the parliament which will be most reliable and acceptable by the people of India. We can predict, as night follows day, that once the Janlokpal bill is struck down, we will have an open season in term of attacks on the judiciary and the beginning of emasculation of this constitutionally independent institution.{end-tooltip}

Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them. Planned socialization occurs when other people take actions designed to teach or train others from infancy on. Natural socialization is easily seen when looking at the young of almost any mammalian species (and some birds). Planned socialization is mostly a human phenomenon; and all through history, people have been making plans for teaching or training others. Both natural and planned socialization can have good and bad features: It is wise to learn the best features of both natural and planned socialization and weave them into our lives.

Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and exciting experiences. We tend to like the people who fill our social learning processes with positive motivation, loving care, and rewarding opportunities. Negative socialization occurs when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to “teach us a lesson;” and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who impose it on us. The society and the entire family take part an important role for the process of socialization of human being. The author wants to convey via this article that what is the ground reality for the whole process of the socialization.{end-tooltip}

A month long weblog program was planned and carried out with under graduate students who had IT and communication skills as course components in their academic curriculum. Data gathered through program was coded, correlated and analyzed through different qualitative and quantitative statistical methods. The outcome of the research showed that weblog could be an effective language learning tool to foster and promote learner autonomy. {end-tooltip}

Teaching is not just to sit on an armchair with a cup of tea in hand to sip. It is an art and skill to be learnt. It requires the knowledge of subject content, method, techniques and teaching aids to be used for making teaching interesting and effective. This is the main objective of education. For this purpose, the teachers need a variety of approaches. Several models of teaching have been developed out of which Bruce Joyce and Marsha Weil’s (1980) have been to be very effective. They described model of teaching as a plan or pattern that can be used to shape curricula (long-term courses of studies), to design instructional materials and to guide instruction in the classroom and other settings. Here the author highlights the key points of Model of teaching through this article.{end-tooltip}

By 2001 literacy for women had exceeded 50% of the overall female population. These statistics are still very low compared to world standards and even male literacy in India. There is a large disparity between female literacy rates in different states. Studies show that a lower level of women literacy rates results in higher levels of fertility and infant mortality, poorer nutrition.

Coming decades are likely to see continuing development and change in education. The teacher must adjust to new developments in educational technology. In all countries there are evidences of radical change in the structure of ideas and assumptions that will surely affect education. But it is unlikely that coming decades will see the introduction of any comprehensive pedagogical system resembling those of the 19th century. No single theory of learning or teaching is likely to satisfy the diversity of individual needs and societal arrangements.{end-tooltip}

Modules are increasingly being used in many countries as a way of organising a language curriculum. As a consequence, many course books are now structured on the basis of “modules” rather than “units”, and most teachers, when faced with this innovation, wonder whether this is really a new development, opening up new paths for learning and teaching, or whether it might not just be “old wine in new bottles”. This is an attempt of the researcher that to introduce a short article of improving teaching method through this article. {end-tooltip}